How can email spoofing be detected?

Email spoofing can be effectively detected through the analysis of email headers and the use of authentication methods such as SPF (Sender Policy Framework), DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail), and DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance).

When a user receives an email, the email header contains vital information about the email's origin and the path it took to reach the recipient. By examining these headers, an organization can uncover discrepancies or anomalies that indicate possible spoofing attempts, such as the sender's IP address not aligning with the domain's authorized sender list.

SPF allows the domain owner to specify which mail servers are permitted to send emails on behalf of their domain. DKIM adds a digital signature to the email that the recipient's mail server can validate, ensuring that the message was not altered in transit. DMARC combines the checks of SPF and DKIM to determine the authenticity of the email and provides a reporting mechanism for any failures. By implementing these protocols, organizations can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to email spoofing and enhance overall email security.

The other options either don't provide a reliable method for detecting spoofing or are impractical. For instance, reviewing the organization's email policy may not yield actionable insights into specific instances of