Which of the following is a common threat that email security solutions protect against?

Phishing is a prevalent threat that email security solutions are specifically designed to combat. This type of attack typically involves a malicious actor impersonating a trustworthy entity to deceive individuals into sharing sensitive information, such as login credentials or financial details. Email is the most common vector for these attacks, making it essential for security solutions to implement protective measures such as filtering, spam detection, and user education to mitigate these risks.

While other threats mentioned may impact broader IT security, they are not directly related to the nature of email security. For example, social media hacks pertain to vulnerabilities in social media platforms rather than email communications. Network outages involve disruptions in connectivity that can affect all forms of communication and services, not just email. Similarly, file system corruption refers to issues within local or cloud storage systems and does not directly connect to the security of email transactions. Therefore, phishing stands out as the specific threat that email security solutions are primarily concerned with addressing.